Cystitis in the baby

Definition - What is Cystitis in Baby?

A bladder infection in babies (also urocystitis or urinary tract infection in babies) describes the passage of germs such as bacteria or viruses into the urinary bladder and the resulting inflammation. Especially in infancy there is a peak in the incidence of cystitis.
In contrast to adults or older children, babies do not show the classic symptoms of a cystitis, making a diagnosis often difficult.

Read more on the subject at: Cystitis

causes

In the vast majority of cases, intestinal bacteria are the cause of cystitis in babies. In about 80% of the cases these are E. coli bacteria. In babies and children, however, viral pathogens such as Adenoviruses can cause cystitis.

A contamination with the intestinal bacteria occurs especially in girls because here the anatomical proximity of the urethra and anus is given. Contamination results from incorrect cleaning after a bowel movement, poor hygiene or from changing diapers too seldom.

Another cause of bladder infections in babies, especially if they occur repeatedly, are anatomical malformations of the lower urinary tract such as a narrowing of the ureter. Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) should also be mentioned here, in which there is a backflow of urine from the urinary tract into the kidneys.

Urinary catheters that have been in place for a longer period of time can also be a cause of cystitis, as the catheter can also cause germs to enter the urinary bladder.

Read more on the subject at: What are the typical causes of a urinary tract infection?

diagnosis

If there is a suspicion of a bladder infection in the baby, a pediatrician should definitely be seen. This can rule out another cause in a general examination of the baby and also assess the general condition of the baby.

To obtain a urine sample, a urine bag is attached to the diaper. Alternatively, a urine sample brought from home can be examined. With the help of a urine stix, nitrite, white (Leukocytes) and red blood cells (Erythrocytes) be detected. In special cases, the urine sample can be viewed under a microscope or a urine culture can be created to determine the pathogen.

Read more on the subject at: Urinalysis

In babies in particular, a bladder infection suggests a malformation of the lower urinary tract. Therefore, an ultrasound examination can be carried out afterwards to show possible malformations.

If the baby is in poor general condition, a blood test can also be done to determine the inflammation levels and fluid balance.

Concomitant symptoms

Classic symptoms of a cystitis are burning sensation and painful urination. In babies, however, the symptoms are rather unspecific. They can often be mistakenly blamed on teething.

In babies, cystitis usually manifests itself as a high fever, restlessness and increased crying. Diarrhea and vomiting can also occur. The odor of the urine or the diaper can be foul.

Read more on the subject at: Diarrhea in the baby

If the infection progresses, the baby may refuse to drink and thus inadequate fluid intake. This is a warning sign and should definitely be taken seriously.

treatment

Bladder infections in babies should always be taken seriously and a doctor should be consulted. There is a risk that the germs will reach the kidneys and trigger an inflammation of the renal pelvis.

The treatment of cystitis in babies is carried out with an antibiotic from the group of cephalosporins, e.g. Ceftriaxone. In many cases, the treatment is inpatient, as antibiotics and fluids can easily be administered via the vein. The antibiotic is usually administered over 7-14 days.

In addition to antibiotic therapy, fever reduction with paracetamol and ibuprofen can be given. Care should also be taken to ensure that there is sufficient fluid intake. If the child is still breastfeeding and drinking normal amounts, this is sufficient.

Read more on the subject at: Cystitis therapy

Duration / forecast

If the cystitis is detected and treated with an antibiotic in good time, the prognosis is very good. The cystitis heals within a few days without any consequences.

If detected late, the germs can rise with a resulting kidney pelvic inflammation or, in the worst case, blood poisoning (urosepsis).