Metoclopramide (MCP)

Active ingredient

Antiemetic, dopamine-2 receptor blocker

definition

Metoclopramide belongs to the class of antiemetics and gastrokinetics and is therefore an anti-nausea medication. That is, it relieves the feeling of vomiting and nausea by stimulating the movement of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Mechanism of action

Metoclopramide (MCP) is a so-called Dopamine antagonist. An antagonist is a substance attached to you specific receptor binds and blocked it so that the actual messenger substance does not work can.

Dopamine is a body-specific messenger substance the nervous system, which can transmit signals between two neurons and for control mental and physical activities responsible for. Dopamine is involved in the following functions:

• Fine motor skills
• Body movement
• psychological drive
• concentration
• pleasure and
• courage

In certain activities, e.g. when eating, it acts as a Happiness hormone. Additionally, dopamine has one Vomit triggering property that can be set with the help of Antagonists (Receptor blockers) inhibited can be. There are two types of dopamine receptor blockers:

• centrally acting dopamine receptor blockers ( to the Psychotropic drugs belonging)
• peripherally active dopamine receptor blockers

You can the Blood-brain barrier hardly overcome and so have little effect on that brain. Metoclopramide (MCP) is one of the peripheral, so not in the brain, acting drugs and only crosses the blood-brain barrier in low concentrations. It can still become a sedative, antipsychotic Effect come.

MCP also reacts with other receptors. It inhibits the 5-HT3 receptors and activates the 5-HT4 receptors. Both work on them Movement processes of the gastrointestinal tractso that metoclopramide also does that Excretion of water and electrolytes promotes.

Metoclopramide (MCP) should just as taken be like it the doctor has prescribed. The normal dose is for an adult 36 drops 3-4 times a day. For teenagers 2-3 times 18-36 drops per day and in children it will based on body weight of all things. At impaired liver or kidney function is the Adjust dose from doctor.

Due to rare but severe neurological and cardiovascular side effects the EU Commission decided in April 2014 to include metoclopramide in its

• Duration
• dosage and his
• field of use

to restrict. So may Infants no metoclopramide (MCP) get more and adults and teenagers should a maximum of five days receive. The Maximum dose for drops lies by 1mg / ml, for parenteral preparation (via the vein) is the limit value at 5 mg / ml and for Suppositories became a limit of the active substance content of 20 milligrams arranged.

application areas

Metoclopramide (MCP) is a antiemetic drug and is used for the following symptoms:

• nausea
• Nausea and Vomit
• Movement disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal motility disorders),
• Muscle weakness of the stomach at Diabetes mellitus (diabetic gastroparesis).

According to the new law, it is allowed can no longer be prescribed at gastrointestinal motility disorders or Reflux esophagitis (Inflammation of the esophagus due to acid regurgitation of the stomach contents), as there was insufficient evidence of clinical effectiveness. In addition, it may only be used after delayed, chemotherapy-induced Nausea and vomiting be prescribed.

Metroclopramide contraindication

As with other drugs, metroclopramide (MCP) has contraindications, which can prevent the Taking metoclopramide is excluded:

• Hypersensitivity against metoclopramide (MCP) or other ingredients of the drug
• hormone-dependent tumors (prolactin-producing tumors)
• Pheochromocytoma (Tumor of the Adrenal medulla)
• Intestinal obstruction
• Intestinal perforation
• Gastrointestinal bleeding
• epilepsy
• Patients in whom the natural motion sequences do not function normally (e.g .: Parkinson's disease, Chorea huntington, Tourette)

children under two years allowed to no metoclopramide (MCP).

Application under observation

In certain circumstances, metoclopramide (MCP) taken with caution become.

Caution should be exercised when using:

• severe liver or kidney problems: The drug metoclopramide (MCP) is used due to the functional impairment excreted from the body more slowlywhy the Dose for the affected person is reduced must become.

• pregnancy: In the first trimester pregnancy as well as in the Lactation should metoclopramide (MCP) not taken become. In the other phases of pregnancy, you can, with Consultation with the attending physician, be taken.

Side effects of metoclopramide (MCP)

If you experience any of the following side effects during treatment with metoclopramide (MCP), the Interrupted use of the drug and a Consulted a doctor become.

Common side effects are:

• dizziness
• fatigue and
• inner restlessness

Rarely there can be side effects of metoclopramide (MCP) too

• a headache
• depressions or
• Movement disorders

come.

In adults, symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease may in rare cases Muscle tremors, Muscle stiffness or Sedentary lifestyle come. In children, after taking metoclopramide (MCP), the so-called dyskinetic syndrome occur. It refers to involuntary, convulsive movements of the head and shoulder region.

Other side effects of metoclopramide (MCP) can occur

• diarrhea
• Rashes be
• Increase in the level of prolactin (then possibly leads to Menstrual irregularities, decreased libido, Gynecomastia and impotence)

Drug interactions

If other drugs have been taken or recently taken, this must be reported to the attending physician, as the use of metoclopramide (MCP) can lead to interactions with other drugs.

By taking metoclopramide (MCP), other drugs can be strengthened or prolonged in their effect. Which includes:

• Levodopa
• Paracetamol®
• certain antibiotics (tetracyclines, lithium and succinylcholine (causes the muscles to relax)

The effects of cimetidine or digoxin can be reduced by taking metoclopramide (MCP). When taking MCP and neuroleptics or serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), e.g. Fluoxetine, "extrapyramidal symptoms" may occur more intensely. These include symptoms of cramps in the head, neck and shoulder area. Coordinated motor movements are no longer possible here.