Learning Problems-The-

Causes of ADHD

Synonyms in a broader sense

Hyperactivity, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, fidgety philipp syndrome, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. , Attention deficit syndrome, psycho-organic syndrome (POS), hyperkinetic syndrome (HKS), behavioral disorder with attention and concentration disorder.

English: Attention-Deficit-Hyperactiv-Disorder (ADHD), minimal brain syndrome, Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity-Disorder (ADHD), Fidgety Phil.

ADHD, Attention Deficit Disorder, Hans-peep-in-the-air, Attention-Deficit-Disorder (ADD)

definition

In contrast to the Attention Deficit Syndrome (ADD) includes that Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Syndrome (ADHD) a possibly very pronounced inattentive, impulsive and hyperactive behavior. This is the reason why ADHD children are often referred to as fidgety philippines or are very quickly seen as uneducated due to ignorance.
According to the current state of research, incorrect information transmission and processing between the two brain segments (hemispheres) is the cause of the development of ADHD.
The reasons for the formation of incorrect information transfer can in turn have various causes and be prenatal, i.e. prenatal.
Due to the different, sometimes very debilitating symptoms of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity, problems very often arise in private and especially in school. Even with normal or sometimes above-average intelligence, knowledge gaps and deficits can only be prevented with great difficulty, so that ADHD often appears in combination with other learning problems, for example with a reading, writing or arithmetic weakness.

In principle, too Partial disorder, for example in terms of dyslexia or dyscalculia, cannot be ruled out. Also others mental illness often appear in combination with ADHD. Examples are: depressions, Tics, Tourette syndrome, Etc.

Causes of ADHD

synaptic gap between the nerve cell ends

As already indicated, according to the current state of scientific research, it is assumed that stimuli are transmitted in the brain Imbalance of messenger substances Serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine are present.

These messenger substances, also known as neurotransmitters, influence human behavior in a special way. Serotonin, for example, has a particular effect on mood, while dopamine has more of an effect on physical activity and norepinephrine affects the ability to pay attention. In people who suffer from ADHD, this balance is disturbed, so that the transmission of stimuli in the brain cannot take place in the usual way. This imbalance ultimately triggers the typical ADHD behaviors.

The transmission of stimuli in the brain is very complex. In general, stimuli that arrive in the brain are Neurons recorded and forwarded. In order to avoid overstimulation in the brain, the nerve cells (here: pink and blue) are not directly connected to each other, but rather have a tiny, minimal gap, the so-called synaptic cleft.

Distribution of the messenger substances

When a stimulus arrives at nerve cell 1 (pink), it forwards the information to nerve cell 2 (blue) by releasing messenger substances into the synaptic gap. After their release in the synaptic gap, these messenger substances try to find a specific binding site (= receptor) on nerve cell 2. Once this has happened, they attach themselves to the receptor and thereby pass on the information.

After the information has been passed on, they detach from the binding site and migrate back into the synaptic gap. There they are taken up again by the original nerve cell (nerve cell 1).

In the case of ADHD, the above-described stimulus transmission processes take place in a different form. This change creates an imbalance in the messenger substances serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline in the brain. It is assumed that in the case of ADHD, both the transporter gene and the reception sites of the stimulus-absorbing nerve cell for dopamine and / or noradrenaline deviate from the norm, i.e. are structured differently.

Causes in upbringing

Even a poor upbringing can cause ADHD without other favorable factors. However, does the child have one genetic disposition, the hereditary predisposition to ADHD, can be a insufficient upbringing the Promote the appearance of symptoms.
That doesn't mean that the parents must have treated their offspring badly. Children with ADHD have whole special requirements and need more attention and patience as healthy peers. In addition, they feel neglected and unloved more quickly, even if they experience sufficient affection. Affected children also find it much more difficult in everyday life and at school if there are no clear structures and rules at home. Difficulty concentrating will thus favored by disorderly conditions at home. If the first signs of attention deficit were overlooked in childhood, the risk of later side effects increases, since the patient was not encouraged early enough. Failure in parenting is therefore not solely responsible for ADHD, but it can exacerbate symptoms and promote related problems.

Causes in Pregnancy

Various studies report one link between the taking of Medication or Risk behavior in pregnancy and the occurrence of ADHD symptoms in the child.

Children with ADHD seem to have been exposed to various influences and poisons during pregnancy more than average, for example when the mother smoked or alcohol has been drinking. Also the popular pain reliever Paracetamol is currently being examined for its possible ADHD-promoting after-effects. However, there is no evidence that the disease occurred as a result of an event during pregnancy.

Alcohol during pregnancy
How dangerous is smoking during pregnancy
Paracetamol in pregnancy

Since ADHD is a multifactorial disease, i.e. many different causes together trigger the symptoms, damage during pregnancy alone is not sufficient as a reason. However, if there is a hereditary predisposition, you can negative influences in the pregnancy months the Increase risk of ADHD. A healthy lifestyle is recommended to expectant mothers anyway in order to avoid the much more common illnesses caused by alcohol consumption or similar. Apart from these general regulations, according to the current state of research, no further precautionary measures need to be taken to avoid ADHD.

What are the effects of diet?

While a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet has been shown to help many ADHD patients, it can unhealthy food the Symptoms on the other hand influence negatively. How exactly the food affects the patient is not yet clear. Bad diet alone is highly unlikely to trigger ADHD. If there are multiple risk factors, e.g. in combination with hereditary predisposition, an unhealthy lifestyle can contribute to the development of symptoms. It is not uncommon for other physical symptoms to occur in addition to the typical ADHD characteristics, such as Abdominal pain or intolerance, etc., making the conduct disorder worse. An adapted diet can help here. Special ADHD diets, as advertised by some providers, are usually not useful.

How does doping affect ADHD?

Performance-enhancing substanceshow some athletes use them to gain an illegal advantage in competitions many psychological and physical side effects. Among other things, ADHD-like symptoms can occur.

However, doping alone cannot trigger the disease. However, the most common active ingredient used to treat ADHD, such as that found in Ritalin, is an amphetamine-like substance. This can have a stimulating effect and is on the prohibited list for athletes, so it counts as doping.

Patients who take this active ingredient therefore need a special permit for sports competitions. It is not uncommon for athletes to try to get the medication prescribed for a supposed ADHD disease and thus to improve their performance. Unfortunately they take the common side effects of the drug in purchase. If other drugs are then taken, they can cause severe interactions with the ADHD drug. So while doping can cause major problems in healthy athletes, it carries even greater risks in ADHD patients.

Neurological causes

Many factors contribute to the development of ADHD, including changes in the brain. Research has shown that the Signal transmission using various messenger substancese.g. Dopamine, disturbed in ADHD patients is. This is due, among other things, to a disruption of the receptors and transporters of these substances, which is inheritable. In addition, many patients can have a decreased blood flow or detect a reduced size of various brain regions. How exactly these changes trigger the symptoms has not yet been sufficiently clarified.

Minimal cerebral dysfunction (MCD)

The abbreviation MCD (= mminimal cerebral D.ysfunction) stands for all disorders in the area of brain function, which are due to different causes before, during or after the birth (= pre-, peri- and postnatal) have arisen.

In the 1970s in particular, minimal cerebral dysfunction as a collective term was overly recognized as the cause of learning problems. Early childhood minimal brain damage can prenatal, so prenatal for example through Infectious diseases in the mother, caused by bleeding or dietary errors during pregnancy arise. This includes, in a special way, the expectant mother's regular consumption of alcohol or nicotine, which puts the brain stem (thalamus) at risk of not being able to fully express itself.

The collective term MCD also includes all early childhood brain damage that during the birth process (= perinatal) enter. This includes in a special way the Lack of oxygen during childbirth, or various Birth delays as a result of positional anomalies.

To the typical postnatal causes The development of minimal cerebral dysfunction typically includes accidents, infectious diseases or metabolic diseases in infants and young children.

In addition, various studies show that children born prematurely (= Premature baby) If the birth weight is too low develop attention deficit disorder more often than children with normal birth weight. Here, too, a connection with the increased likelihood of minimal, cerbral brain maturation disorders in prematurely born children is suspected.

In the area of diagnosing the different variants of attention deficit disorder, these temporal areas are also discussed. It is therefore advisable to use both the Mother pass and to provide the results of the U-examinations of the child, as they can provide important information with regard to the development and delimitation of causes.

Inheritance and environmental influences

It is often noticeable that ADHD problems are not limited to just one member of a family, but that - diagnosed or not - typical, extreme behavior can also be recognized in other family members.
This fact allows two hypotheses:

Can ADHD have genetic causes, i.e. can it be inherited?

Do these typical behaviors arise through environmental influences, such as upbringing, etc.

These two questions cannot be answered clearly. It is now known that the facilities for training an ADHD are definitely genetically can be inherited. In addition, it is confirmed that environmental influences alone cannot cause the development of ADHD.

BUT: We also know that environmental influences can have a decisive influence on the development of ADHD.

This means:

Education itself is for them education usually not solely responsible for an ADHD. Although inconsistent parenting styles can also develop ADHD-like behaviors, the stimulus conduction disorders are not caused by parenting.
Inconsistent parenting styles and consequently other unfavorable environmental influences can, however, affect the way of the Expression of ADHD. In the presence of stimulus conduction disorders in the brain, education plays a key role in the life of an ADHD child. For this reason, a lot of value is placed on consistent education in the field of therapy and parents are involved in the therapy in a special way.

Allergies and ADHD

The allergy was and is always suspected of being the cause of the development of ADHD. The fact that a large number of people suffer from allergies already shows that not everyone also suffers from ADHD at the same time. It seems plausible that among the many people with allergies there are also people who suffer from ADHD.

In addition, we know that an allergy triggers a stressful situation in the body, through which the body or the adrenal cortex induces an adrenaline release and ultimately responds with increased cortisol production. Cortisol belongs to a group of so-called Glucocorticoids. The release of cortisol causes a drop in serotonin levels in the body. Serotonin, in turn, influences the mood and attention of a person and precisely this attention and Mood swings make themselves felt in the child.

There are several therapeutic measures called nutritional measures that address allergy as a cause of ADHD. Read more about this at: ADHD diet. A Relationship between ADHD and allergies seems to exist in individual cases - as already mentioned above - quite possible However, studies show that allergies, and especially food allergies, are rarely really a possible cause of the development of ADHD.

Other ADHD issues

ADHD
ADHD causes
ADHD symptoms
ADHD diagnosis
ADHD therapy

ADHD curative education
- ADHD psychotherapy
- Depth psychology
- Behavior therapy
- yoga
- Autogenic training
ADHD medication
- Methylphenidate
- Ritalin
- Antidepressants
ADHD diet
ADHD and family
Educational games