Internal Medicine

Tumor diseases

Tumor diseases are diseases that result from rapid, uncontrolled cell division in various tissues or organs. A distinction is made between benign and malignant tumors.

In the following you will find the most common tumor diseases sorted by:

Tumors of the head and neck
Cancer diseases of the brain
Tumor diseases of the eye
Tumor diseases of the internal organs
Tumor diseases of the female genital organs
Tumors of the male genital organs
Tumor diseases of the urinary organs
Tumor diseases of the bone
Skin tumors
Cancers of the blood
Cancer diseases of the lymphatic system
Further topics related to tumor diseases

Tumors of the head and neck

Tongue cancer

Tongue cancer describes a malignant, rare tumor that originates from the tongue. An influence of tobacco smoking and excessive alcohol consumption has been proven.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Tongue cancer

Parotid cancer

Parotid cancer is usually a benign ulcer of the salivary gland in front of the ear. There is severe swelling, often painful, in the area.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Parotid cancer

Throat cancer

Throat cancer also has an association with cigarette smoke and alcohol consumption. An infection with HP viruses can also be a trigger for this form of cancer. Since the cancer leads to symptoms late and has usually already metastasized, the prognosis is usually poor.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Throat cancer

Throat cancer

Larynx cancer is usually diagnosed late and is therefore difficult to treat. It is usually noticed by hoarseness or a feeling of lump in the throat.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Throat cancer

Vocal cord cancer

The vocal cord cancer is a malignant tumor disease of the vocal folds. One of the main signs of illness is hoarseness. Since vocal cord cancer has a relatively good prognosis, a cure can be achieved through early detection.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Vocal cord cancer

Esophageal cancer

Esophageal cancer is a malignant tumor that originates from cells in the lining of the esophagus. In 80-90% of cases, there is a connection between long-term consumption of high-proof alcohol and the consumption of cigarettes. The tumor causes symptoms late, when it is already well advanced. Due to the late diagnosis, this type of cancer has a very poor prognosis for patients.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Esophageal cancer

Tracheal cancer

Tracheal cancer is a rare form of cancer that, like most cancers of the mouth, is due to tobacco smoking. Tracheal cancer only leads to symptoms such as chronic coughing with bloody sputum and shortness of breath at a later stage.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Tracheal cancer

Thyroid cancer

A distinction is made between different forms of thyroid cancer. The prognosis also depends on the type. Common to all are typical symptoms such as swelling in the thyroid gland, hoarseness and cough. Therapeutically, the thyroid gland is usually completely removed.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Thyroid cancer

Cancer diseases of the brain

Brain tumor

Brain tumors are classified according to their cells of origin. They can be either benign or malignant. The WHO classification is used for this classification. The symptoms of a brain tumor are varied and usually allow conclusions to be drawn about the location of the tumor.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Brain tumor

Information on the individual forms of brain tumor can be found at:

Astrocytoma
Glioblastoma
Medulloblastoma
Meningioma
Oligodendroglioma
Angioblastoma
Pituitary tumor
Acoustic neuroma

Tumor diseases of the eye

Eyelid tumor

Since the eyelid is made of skin, all forms of skin cancer can occur here, such as basalioma or melanoma. Since this area is heavily exposed to the sun, basaliomas in particular often occur on the eyelid. These can usually be removed surgically and healed.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Eyelid tumor

Lacrimal gland tumor

Tumors of the lacrimal gland are more often benign than malignant. The most common benign tumor of the lacrimal gland is the adenoma. Malignant tumors are very rare. This is often a mixed tumor.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Lacrimal gland tumor

Choroidal melanoma

The choroidal melanoma is the most common malignant tumor inside the eye and is caused by a degeneration of the pigment-forming cells. Depending on the size, cell type and whether there is metastasis, the prognosis is very different.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Choroidal melanoma

Tumor diseases of the internal organs

Colon cancer

Colon cancer is a malignant, uncontrollably growing tumor that emerges from the cells of the colon mucosa.
In most cases, colon cancer develops in the colon area.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Colon cancer

You can find information on the individual forms of colon cancer at:

Small bowel cancer
Colon cancer
Rectal cancer
Anal cancer

Stomach cancer

Stomach cancer (gastric cancer) is the fifth most common cancer in women and the fourth most common in men. Gastric carcinoma is a malignant, uncontrollably growing tumor that originates from the cells of the gastric mucosa. Nitrosamines from food, nicotine and Helicobacter pylori are discussed as causes of stomach cancer.
In most cases, the tumor causes symptoms late, when it is already well advanced. Due to the late diagnosis, stomach cancer is often treated late, so that this type of cancer has a very poor prognosis for the patient.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Stomach cancer

Pancreatic cancer

The pancreatic cancer = pancreatic cancer (ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas) is by far the most common cancer of the pancreas. It belongs to the malignant neoplasms (neoplasms). Benign tumors (including the serous cystadedom) or other malignant forms (mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, acinar cell carcinoma) are very rare.
The pancreatic cancer usually occurs in the front area, the so-called head of the pancreas

Further information on this topic can be found at: Pancreatic cancer.

Information on the individual forms of pancreatic cancer can be found at:

Insulinoma
Verner-Morrison-Snydrome

Peritoneal cancer

Peritoneal cancer rarely develops from cells in the peritoneum. Much more often, metastases from tumors from the surrounding organs settle in the peritoneum. Affected patients often have water in their stomach, which can be detected with the help of an ultrasound. The prognosis often depends on the original tumor and other metastases.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Peritoneal cancer

Gallbladder cancer

Gallbladder cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs very rarely. Since it is often diagnosed late, it has a very poor prognosis. Patients may have painless jaundice as a symptom, but this occurs at a later stage.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Gallbladder cancer

Bile duct cancer

Bile duct cancer is a rare tumor and is much less common than gallbladder cancer. It is a tumor of the bile duct mucosa that grows very slowly and does not metastasize until late. Since it is often diagnosed late, it still has a relatively poor prognosis. Autoimmune diseases such as ulcerative colitis or primary sclerosing cholangitis are risk factors for the development of biliary tract cancer.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Bile duct cancer

Liver cancer

Liver cancer often arises from cirrhosis of the liver. But metastases from other tumors can also settle in the liver. Many of those affected suffer from hepatitis or have consumed excessive alcohol, but other people can develop liver cancer as well.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Liver cancer

Lung cancer

Lung cancer is a malignant tumor. This arises from the tissue of the bronchi, but can consist of different types of cells. The most common are squamous cell and small cell lung cancer. Symptoms can include a chronic cough, recurrent pneumonia, or shortness of breath. Smoking, environmental toxins or genetic factors are risk factors for the development of lung cancer.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Lung cancer

Pheochromocytoma

A pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal gland. It often produces the hormones arenaline and norepinephrine, but can also produce dopamine. Then it is a malignant tumor. The affected patients often have high blood pressure, palpitations, suffer from increased sweating and are pale.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Pheochromocytoma

Multiple endocrine neoplasia

Multiple endocrine neoplasia is a disease that is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, but can also develop sporadically. Depending on which organ is affected, different hormones are produced. Therefore the clinical picture is very variable.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Multiple endocrine neoplasia

Tumor diseases of the female genital organs

cervical cancer

This tumor / cancer, im represents the second most common tumor after breast cancer in women. 20% of all new cancers is cervical cancer (cervical cancer).
It is believed that the cause of the cervical cancer is caused by the wart virus (human papilloma virus).

Further information on this topic can be found at: cervical cancer

Ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer (ovarian carcinoma) is a malignant (malignant) tumor of the ovaries that can occur on one or both sides.
One differentiates the type from ovarian cancer on the basis of its fine tissue (histological) picture. The tumors are thus divided into epihelial tumors, germ cell tumors as well as germ cord and stromal tumors.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Ovarian cancer

Breast cancer

Breast cancer (breast cancer) is a malignant growth (malignant tumor) of the female or male breast.
Breast cancer can either originate from the ducts of the glands (milk ducts = ductal carcinoma) or from the tissue of the glandular lobules (lobular carcinoma)

For more information on this topic, see: Breast cancer

Uterine cancer

Uterine cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women between 60 and 70 years of age. It is also known as endometrial cancer. Risk factors can be an early onset of menstrual bleeding and a late onset of menopause, but also obesity and diabetes mellitus. The cancer is often discovered through bleeding in a postmenopausal woman.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Uterine cancer

Vaginal cancer

Vaginal cancer is a very rare malignant tumor in women. Vaginal cancer is often discovered late because it often does not cause symptoms. Bleeding outside of the menstrual period and changes in vaginal discharge can be indicators of a malignant disease. The human papillomavirus can be a risk factor for the development of vaginal cancer.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Vaginal cancer

Tumors of the male genital organs

Prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the most common tumor and the third leading cause of cancer-related death in men. The older a man gets, the higher his risk of developing prostate cancer. However, it rarely occurs before the age of 40. Prostate cancer rarely causes symptoms at an early stage, but can cause urination problems later.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Prostate cancer

Testicular cancer

Testicular cancer is the most common malignant disease in men between the ages of 20 and 40. Compared to other tumors, however, it occurs rather rarely. Often only one testicle is involved. The tumor can be recognized by a hardening of the tissue and an increase in the size of the testicle. With the right treatment, the prognosis is usually very good.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Testicular cancer

Penile cancer

Penile cancer is a fairly rare cancer that occurs primarily in men over the age of 60. Increasing age, smoking and infection with human papillomavirus are risk factors for the development of penile cancer. Penile cancer only causes symptoms such as changes in the skin, minor bleeding or discharge at a later stage and is therefore often only recognized later. If the tumor can be completely removed surgically, the prognosis is usually very good.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Penile cancer

Tumor diseases of the urinary organs

Kidney cancer

Almost all kidney tumors are so-called renal cell carcinomas. These malignant tumors (malignancies) are relatively insensitive to chemotherapy and can take very different courses. Kidney cancer is usually a tumor in the elderly (usually between 60 and 80 years of age).

Further information on this topic can be found at: Kidney cancer

Bladder cancer

Smoking is the biggest risk factor for bladder cancer, but other chemicals can also be causative. Pain when urinating is a common symptom of bladder cancer, but it also occurs with a bladder infection. However, as part of the tumor disease, weight loss can also occur. The prognosis depends on the extent of the tumor.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Bladder cancer

Tumor diseases of the bone

Bone tumor

There are different types of bone tumors that come at different ages and are treated differently. Here you will find a general overview page on the topic of bone tumors as well as articles on the individual tumor types.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Bone tumor

Information on the individual forms of a bone tumor can be found at:

Chondrosarcoma
Enchondroma
Ewing sarcoma
Osteochondroma
Osteoid osteoma
Osteosarcoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma

Skin tumors

Skin cancer

Skin cancer is a malignant growth in the skin. Basalioma occurs most frequently, followed by spinalioma and melanoma. For early detection, there is skin cancer screening, which is reimbursed by health insurance every two years for all insured persons aged 35 and over. It is also advisable to watch your own birthmarks regularly to see if and how they change.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Skin cancer

Information on the individual forms of skin cancer can be found at:

Basalioma
Spinalioma
Melanoma
White skin cancer

Sebum carcinoma

A sebum tumor is a rare tumor of the skin glands that produce the sebum. The sebum glands around the eyes are particularly often affected. The treatment of choice is surgical removal of the tumor followed by radiation therapy.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Sebum carcinoma

Connective tissue cancer

A distinction is made between benign and malignant connective tissue tumors. Benign connective tissue tumors are called fibroids, while malignant connective tissue tumors are called fibrosarcomas. Fibromas usually do not require treatment, while fibrosarcomas require surgically removed.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Connective tissue cancer

Liposarcoma

A liposarcoma is a malignant tumor of adipose tissue. It occurs most often between the ages of 50 and 70. The lower extremity is particularly often affected - especially the thigh. The treatment of choice is surgical removal of the tumor. If necessary, radiation therapy can also be added.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Liposarcoma

Cancers of the blood

leukemia

Leukemia is also known as white blood cancer. Cells in the bone marrow and / or the lymph nodes multiply in a malignant manner. A distinction is made between acute and chronic leukemia. Acute leukemia can in principle be cured, while chronic leukemia can only be cured by a bone marrow transplant. Those affected often complain of increased sweating at night, unwanted weight loss and increased susceptibility to infections.

The severe weight loss caused by the tumor is known as the disease "cachexia". See the article for more information: Cachexia

Further information on this topic can be found at: leukemia

You can find information on the individual forms of leukemia at:

Acute myeloid leukemia
Chronic myeloid leukemia
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Plasmacytoma

Multiple myeloma, which is also synonymous with plasmacytoma, is a malignant disease (tumor) of the B lymphocytes, which are part of the white blood cells.
The B lymphocytes are part of the human immune system and are mainly found in the lymph nodes and in the blood. By definition, the plasmacytoma belongs to the non-Hodgkin lymphomas with low malignancy (badness) and is characterized by the formation of defective immunoglobulins.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Plasmacytoma

Cancer diseases of the lymphatic system

Lymphoma

Lymphomas are malignant diseases of the lymphatic system. A distinction is made between Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The disease can make itself felt through swollen lymph nodes - especially on the neck, in the armpits and the groin. In addition, there can be fever, night sweats and weight loss.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Lymphoma

Lymph gland cancer

Lymph gland cancer is a degeneration of cells in lymph nodes or other lymphoid tissues. There are two different types of lymphatic cancer: Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. In addition to painless swelling of the lymph nodes, those affected can also suffer from fever, night sweats and unwanted weight loss.

Further information on this topic can be found at: Lymph gland cancer