Dormicum®
definition
Dormicum® is a sleep-inducing drug. It is also used as a drug to relieve pain during medical interventions or during seizures.
Dormicum® contains the active ingredient Midazolam and thus belongs to the drug group of Benzodiazepines. It can be used by mouth (orally), by bypassing the gastrointestinal tract (parenteral), for example intravenously, or as a dissolving tablet in the oral cavity - more precisely in the cheek - (buccal) can be administered.
Trade names
in the trade Dormicum® is available as:
- Dormicum® 5mg / 1mg / -15mg / 3ml / -50mg / 10ml injection solution
- Midazolam HEXAL® -5mg / 5ml / -5mg / 1ml / -15mg / 3ml injection solution
- Midazolam-Actavis® 1mg / ml / -2mg / ml -5mg / ml solution for injection / infusion or rectal solution
chemical name: Midazolam (8-chloro-6- (2-fluorophenyl) -1-methyl-4H-imidazole (1,5-a) (1,4) benzodiazepine
application areas
Is applied Dormicum® to Immobilization during or before medical interventions, also in the intensive care unit for longer-term reassurance (Sedation) of artificially ventilated patients, to Pain relief and to Induction of anesthesia in adults. As a preparation for anesthesia, Dormicum® is used as a so-called Premedication designated.
In children, Dormicum® is used as a Anesthetic drug itself and not just used to induce anesthesia. Furthermore, Dormicum® can be used as antispasmodic medicine be used in infants, children and adolescents up to the age of 18.
Dormicum® is also one of the Emergency medication at a very severe epileptic seizure (Status epilepticus).
Dosage form
Dormicum® can by mouth (orally) in the form of a swallowable tablet or as Lozenge/ Dissolving tablet in the mouth, more precisely in the cheek (buccal), can be taken. Furthermore, Dormicum® can through a Syringe into the muscle be injected (intramuscular) as well as in the form of a infusion about the vein or as Rectal solution bypassing the gastrointestinal tract.
effect
Dormicum® heard as Sedatives (sedative) and sleep-promoting drug (Hypnotic) to the large group of Benzodiazepines.
The benzodiazepines all have one inhibiting (inhibitory) effect on the Nerve cells of the central nervous system (CNS). This inhibiting property is transmitted via a messenger substance produced by the body (Neurotransmitters) Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) caused. GABA is the most important inhibitory messenger substance within the central nervous system. By binding the benzodiazepines, so in the case of Dormicum®s, to the GABA docking point on the Nerve cell (Receptors), the inhibitory effect is intensified. This happens via an opening of channels in the nerve cell, which consequently allow more negatively charged chloride to flow into the nerve cell and so the Reduced excitability of the nerve cell becomes.
This is how Dormicum® works antispasmodic (anticonvulsant), muscle relaxing (muscle relaxing), anxiety-relieving (anxiolytic), sleep-inducing (hypnotic) such as reassuring (sedative). You can also Gaps in memory occur while the Dormicum® is active (anamnestic effect). Also have been mood-lifting and euphoric effects observed.
Dormicum® is one of the short-acting Benzodiazepines and has a so-called Plasma half-life, i.e. the period of time until the medication taken has dropped from its maximum concentration to half of this maximum concentration in the blood, from about 240 min.
After the exposure, the Dormicum® is applied to the liver (more precisely about the CYP3A4 enzyme) metabolized and then via the kidney eliminated.
If you take too large amounts of Dromicum or if you are poisoned by the drug, the effects of an antidote (Antidote) with the name Flumazenil To get picked up.
application
In the Taking a film-coated tablet Dormicum® (Midazolam) should be the tablet whole and with sufficient fluid (preferably water).
dosage
The optimal Dormicum® dose is from patient to patient differently and depends on General condition as well as the Age of the patient. Furthermore, additional play from the patient medication taken and the Reason of application an important role.
Attention above all in older patients and children, as well as the chronically ill and patients with the following underlying diseases: schizophrenia, Heart failure (Heart failure), Liver dysfunction, Kidney dysfunction and Breathing disorders.
Side effects
There are numerous side effectsthat with a gift of Dormicum® may occur. However, these differ depending on the dosage form and can be observed with different frequency.
When taking a Dormicum®-Film tablet can besides Hypersensitivity reactions against the drug too mental illness (e.g. confusion, reversal of effects (paradoxical reaction), depressive moods, euphoria) and that Diseases affecting the nervous system such as.:
- a headache
- dizziness
- Drowsiness
- Gait and movement disorders
- Gaps in memory (Amnesia)
occur. In addition, side effects such as visual disturbances, gastrointestinal problems, heart diseases and breathing problems have been observed.
The most common side effects of a parenteral, i.e. bypassing the gastrointestinal tract, Gift by Dormicum® (Midazolam) are Breathing irregularities with a decrease in tidal volume and / or a decrease in respiratory frequency (Respiratory rate decrease) up to Apnea (Apnea). These respiratory side effects are more common when Dormicum® is administered via the vein (intravenous) than one Gift via the muscles (intramuscular) observed.
Also count Fluctuations in blood pressure and Pulse irregularities one of the most common side effects, mainly can occur with intravenous administration of Dormicum®.
The anterograde amnesia, i.e. the incomplete memory after taking the drug, occurs with every dosage form as a very frequently observed side effect.
Ultimately, they are Apnea and Cardiac arrest (in very high doses) to be named as the most serious side effects.
Interactions
A Reinforcement the Domicum effect can, for example, be achieved through:
- Mushroom remedies (e.g. Ketoconazole, Fluconazole)
- certain Antibiotics (Macrolide antibiotics: Erythromycin/Clarithromicin)
- Antihypertensive drugs (Calcium antagonists: Verapamil/Diltiazem)
- certain Antidepressants
- Fat reducers (Atorvastatin)
- HIV drugs
be evoked. Likewise, taking sleeping pills or sedatives at the same time, as well as consuming alcohol in particular, can increase the effect of Dormicum®.
A Weakened effect can occur when taking the Antidepressant St. John's Wort, from Epilepsy drugs (Anti-epileptics such as Cabamazepine or Phenytoin) as well as certain tuberculosis or virus-inhibiting (antiviral) Medicines occur.
Contraindication
Not applied may be Dormicum®, if Intolerance or hypersensitivity to midazolam (Dormicum®) or generally against Benzodiazepines exist, as well as with previous illnesses such as one Angle-closure glaucoma, i.e. a drainage disorder of the eye water, or a certain one Muscle disease (Myastenia gravis).
Furthermore, Dormicum® must not be included acute alcohol poisoning (Alcohol intoxication) or poisoning with others on the central nervous system active substances (Antidepressants, Neuroleptics) are used.
In addition, newborns and premature babies should not receive Dormicum® until they are 4 months old.
Prescription requirement
Dormicum® is a in every dosage form prescription drug.
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